'iggps;|| vd Mq;fpyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; E}Yf;F ,izahd jkpo;r; nrhy; ahJ? 1995,y; ntspahd jkpo; nghJ nkhopngaHg;gpy; 'jpUtptpypak;|| vd;Dk; ngaH gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. cyfj;jpd; vj;jpirapYk; toq;fg;gLk; nkhopfspy; vy;yhk; ngaHf;fg;gl;l E}y; vd;Dk; ngUik iggpSf;F cz;L. me;jg; ngaiu xl;bNa ,d;W mg;ngaupd; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;Gk;> xyp ngaHg;Gk; cs;sJ. Mdhy; fle;j Ie;E}W Mz;L fhy tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;NghJ> jkpo; tptpypak; gy ngaHfshy; toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij ehk; mwpayhk;. ,e;j khw;wq;fisg; gjpTnra;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk;. ,jpypUe;J nkhop tsHr;rpAk; nkhop tof;F khWghLfSk; Vw;gl;lijAk; ehk; fhzyhk;.

'Ntjk;||> 'NtjGj;jfk;||
tptpypaj;ijf; Fwpf;f Kjd;Kjypy; INuhg;gpa kiwg;gzpahsHfs; gad;gLj;jpa nrhy; 'Ntjk;|| vd;gjhFk;. Ntjk; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F rkak; vd;Dk; nghUSk; Ntj E}y; vd;Dk; nghUSk; cz;L vd;gjhy; me;j ,UnghUs;fisAk; gpupj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; Njit Vw;gl;lJ. kiwg;gzpahsH vd;wpf;Nf vd;wpf;nf]; (1520-1600É jkpofj;jpy; 1547-1600) vd;gtUk; mtUf;Fg;gpd; jj;Jt NghjfH vd;Dk; ,uhgHl; nj nehgpyp (1577-1656É jkpofj;jpy; 1606-1656) vd;Dk; kiwg;gzpahsUk; Ntjj;ij ,t;thW Gupe;Jnfhz;ljhfj; njupfpwJ. vdpDk;> rkaj;ijf; Fwpf;f 'khHf;fk;||> 'kjk;|| vd;Dk; nrhw;fisAk;> tptpypaj;ijf; Fwpf;f 'Ntjk;|| vd;Dk; nrhy;iyAk; mtHfs; ifahz;lJk; cz;L.
,e;jpa rka-fyhr;rhu kuig rk];fpUjk;> jkpo; Nghd;w nkhopfspy; ,aw;wg;gl;l E}y;fs;top Cd;wpf; fw;w jj;JtNghjfH> Ntjk; vd;Dk; nrhy; ,Uf;F Kjyhfpa gz;ila rka E}y;fisf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gl;lij mwpe;jpUe;jjhy;jhd; fpwp];jt rka E}yhfpa tptpypaj;jpw;F 'Ntjk;|| vd;Nw ngaH mspj;jhH vd mwpfpNwhk;. mtH vOjpa 'epj;jpa rPtd ry;yhgk;|| vd;w E}ypy; ~~Ntjk;|| vd;Dk; nrhy; ~~flTs; mUSk; ntspg;ghL|| vdTk;> mjpypUe;J> me;j ntspg;ghL vOj;Jtbtk; ngWk; epiyiaf; Fwpg;gjhfTk; nghUs;gLfpwJ.

jj;Jt NghjfUk; rup> mtUf;F Kd; vd;wpf;Nf vd;wpf;nf]; vd;gtUk; rup> tptpypaj;ij Neubahf nkhopngaHj;J mr;Nrw;wtpy;iy vd;gjhy;> mtHfs; nkhopngaHj;j tptpypag; gFjpfspd; ifg;gpujpfshtJ fpilf;Fkh vd;why; mitAk; fhyj;jhy; mope;Jgl;ld. kj;NjA ew;nra;jpAk; Nahthd; ew;nra;jpAk; jkpopy; nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;bUe;jd vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; mit ek; iftrk; ,y;iy. kj;NjA ew;nra;jpapYs;s ~~NgWngw;NwhH|| vd;Dk; gFjpAk; (mjpfhuk; 5)> ,NaR fw;gpj;j ,iwNtz;lYk; (mjpfhuk; 6) jkpopy; ngaHf;fg;gl;lJ cWjp. ,k;kiwg;gzpahsHfs; vOjpa gpw E}y;fspy; tptpypaj;ijf; Fwpf;f mtHfs; gad;gLj;jpa nrhy;tof;F fhzf;fplf;fpwJ. me;j Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy;> Kjd;Kjyhf tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; ~~Ntjk;|| vd;W mioj;jJ ,NaR rigiar; NrHe;j vd;wpf;nf];> nehgpyp Nghd;NwhNu vd ehk; cWjpahff; $wyhk;.
18Mk; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ,e;jpah te;j rPHjpUj;j rigapdH tptpypaj;jpd; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;ig 'Ntjk;|| vd;Nw mioj;jdH. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> 1714,y; rPfd;ghy;F Kjy;Kiwahfj; jkpo; tptpypaj;ij mr;Nrw;wpaNghJ mjw;F 'Ntjngh\;j;jfk;|| vd;W ngaH nfhLj;jhH. mjpy; tptpypak; vd;gJ ||E}y;|| (E}y;njhFg;G) vd;Dk; nghUs; njupfpwJ. ,t;thW fj;Njhypf;fUk; rPHjpUj;j rigapdUk; ~~Ntjk;|| vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jpajpy; xw;Wik ,Ug;gJ njspthfpwJ.

'kiwE}y;||
rPfd;ghy;F ntspapl;l tptpypaj; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G ey;y jkpo; eilapy; ,y;iy vd;W Fiw$wpatHfSs; xUtH tPukhKdptH (1680-1747). jkpofj;jpy; 1710,ypUe;J 1747tiu gzpahw;wpa tPukhKdptH> jhk; ,aw;wpa Njk;ghtzp vd;Dk; vopy;kpF fhtpaj;jpy; tptpypaj;ij 'kiwE}y;|| vd;W gytplq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. mNj rkaj;jpy;> fpwp];jt rka ek;gpf;ifiaf; Fwpf;f 'Ntjk;|| vd;Dk; nrhy;iyAk; gad;gLj;JfpwhH. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> mtH fpwp];jt rkaj;ij tpsf;fp vOjpa 'Ntj tpsf;fk;|| vd;Dk; E}iyf; $wyhk;. Ntjj;ij tpsf;fp ciug;gtHfis mtH 'NtjpaH|| vd;W mioj;jhH. ,d;Wk;$l> jkpofj;jpy; NtjpaH vd;Dk; nrhy; ,g;nghUspNyNa gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

'rj;jpaNtjk;||
tptpypaj;ijAk; fpwp];jt rkaj;ijAk; 'Ntjk;|| vd;W $wpaNjhL mJ cz;ikahd Ntjk; vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; tptpypa nkhopngaHg;G 'rj;jpaNtjk;|| vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;jhd; 1844,y; (gioa Vw;ghL - gg;uPrpA];@ Gjpa Vw;ghL - ,NudpA];) nrd;idapy; ntspahapw;W. ,e;jpa ehl;by; Vw;nfdNt 'Ntjk;|| ,Ue;jjhy; me;j Ntjj;jpypUe;J NtWgl;ljhfTk;> ve;jnthU ngha;k;ikiaAk; jd;Ds; nfhz;buhjjhfTk; tptpypak; ,Ue;jJ vd;Dk; fUJNfhspd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; fpwp];jt kiwg;gzpahsHfs; tptpypaj;ij 'cz;ikahd|| Ntjk; ('rj;jpaNtjk;||) vd;W mioj;jdH. MfNt> tptpypaj;jpw;F mspj;j ngaupNyNa fUj;jpay; Nfhl;ghL Eiotij ehk; fUjyhk;.

1850,y; nrd;id efupy;> mnkupf;fd; kp~dup mr;Rf;$lj;jpy; gjpf;fg;gl;l jkpo; tptpypaj;jpd; jiyg;G 'gioa> Gjpa cld;gbf;iffs; mlq;fpa NtjGj;jfk;|| vd;wpUe;jJ. ,jpNy ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;ba nrhw;fs; ,uz;L. Kjypy;> "Testament" vd;Dk; nrhy; 'cld;gbf;if|| vd;W cs;sJ. ,JNt gpw;fhy nkhopngaHg;Gfspy; 'Vw;ghL|| vd;W khw;wg;gl;lJ. ,uz;lhtJ> 'rj;jpaNtjk;|| vd;w nrhy; 'NtjGj;jfk;|| vd;W khwyhapw;W. ,e;j jiyg;G 'iggps;|| (E}y;> Gj;jfk;) vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F Neupizahd nkhopngaHg;ghf cs;sJ ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; 'rj;jpa|| Ntjk; vd;wpuhky; ntWkNd 'Ntjk;|| vd;W $wpaJk; njupfpwJ.

'Ntjhfkk;||
Mz;Lfs; gy fope;jgpd;> 1857,ypUe;J fj;Njhypf;fj; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G ntspahapw;W. mJ 'gupRj;j Ntjhfkk;|| vd;w ngaupy; mr;rhfpaJ. rPHjpUj;j rigapdupd; gtH nkhopngaHg;Gk; me;jj; jiyg;gpNyNa ntspte;jJ. 1948,y; ,yq;ifapy; ntspahd tptpypak; ~~gupRj;j Ntjhfkk; - gioa Vw;ghLk; Gjpa Vw;ghLk; ,jpNy mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd|| vd;Dk; tpupe;j jiyg;gpy; ntspte;jJ. ,q;Nf 'iggps;|| vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F ||NtjGj;jfk;|| vd;Nwh> ntWkNd ||Ntjk;|| vd;Nwh ,y;yhky; 'Ntj - Mfkk; : Ntjhfkk;|| vd;W tUtJ ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ.
,e;jpa kugpy; Ntjj;jpw;Fk; Mfkj;jpw;Fk; NtWghL cz;L. Ntjk; vd;gJ kdpjuhy; vOjg;gl;ljy;y vdTk; Mfkq;fs; vd;git kuGtop te;jd vdTk; xU nfhs;if cz;L. mjd;gb ghHf;Fk;NghJ> tptpypaj;ij 'Ntjhfkk;|| vd;W miog;gJ mjw;F Mrpupauhf ,Ug;gtHfs; flTSk; kdpjUk; MtH vd;Dk; cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sJ.

'jpUkiwE}y;||
,Jtiu tptpypa nkhopngaHg;Gfs; ve;j jiyg;gpy; ntspte;jd vdg; ghHj;Njhk;. Mdhy; 1950fspypUe;Nj fj;Njhypf;f ,iwapayhH gyUk; rPHjpUj;j rig ,iwapayhH rpyUk; tptpypaj;ijf; Fwpf;f 'jpUkiwE}y;|| vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jpdH. Ntjk; vd;Dk; tlnkhopr; nrhy;Yf;Fg; gjpyhfj; jkpo; tof;fpy; kiw vd;w nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lij ,tz; epidT$uyhk;. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;jhd; J}a jkpopy; $w Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jpy; tptpypaj;ijj; 'jpUkiwE}y;|| vd ,iwapayhH khw;wpdH.
NkYk;> ve;nje;j tptpypa E}y;fs; mjpfhug;G+Htkhd gl;baypy; mlq;fpapUe;jd vd;gijf; Fwpf;f 'jpUKiw|| (canon) vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J irt kugpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ vd;gJ njspT. mtHfsJ rka E}y; njhFg;G jpUKiw vd toq;fg;gLtJ midtUf;Fk; njupe;jNj.

'jpUtptpypak;||
mz;ikf; fhyk; tiu Ntjhfkk; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yk;> jpUkiwE}y; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yk; tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jte;jd. Mdhy;> jw;NghJ ehk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G 'jpUtptpypak;|| vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Holy Bible vd;gjpd; Neub jkpohf;fkhfTk; jOtyhfTk; cs;sJ. Biblia (fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;) vd;Dk; Ntiu mbahff;nfhz;L vOe;j ||tptpypak;|| vd;Dk; GJr; nrhy;yhf;fk; RkhH 1850fspy; ,Ue;Nj jkpo; tof;fpy; gbg;gbahf te;Jtpl;ljhYk;> %yj;jpw;F mr;nrhy; kpfneUf;fkhf xypastpYk; ,Ug;gjhYk; ,J eyNk vdj; njupfpd;wJ. NkYk; 'Ntjk;|| vd;w nrhy;yhy; ,e;jpa kugpy; Vw;nfdNt jpUE}y;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;ljhy; me;jr; nrhy;Yf;F cupa fyhr;rhu tuyhw;iw kjpj;J> mijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jhky;> me;j kuNghL NeHikahd ciuahlypy; <LgLtjw;Ff; fpwp];jtj;jpw;Nf rpwg;ghd tptpypak; vd;Dk; nrhy;tof;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.