tptpypar; rq;fq;fspd; ,izaKk; (United Bible Societies) tj;jpf;fhd; xd;wpg;Gr; nrayfKk; (Secretariate for Christian Unity) ,ize;J nghJ nkhopngah;G nra;Ak; Nfhl;ghl;il 1968 ,y; ntspapl;ld. mjd; mbg;gilapy; 1972-Mk; Mz;L jkpo; tptpypag; nghJ nkhopngah;g;Gg; gzp njhlq;fpaJ. cNuhikf; fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;rig rhh;gpy; jkpo;ehL tptpypa Mizf;FOtpdUk; Vidaj; jpUr;rigfspd; rhh;gpy; tptpypar; rq;fq;fspd; gpujpepjpfSk; ,g;gzpiar; nra;jdh;. gy;NtW jpUr;rig kuGfisr; Nrh;e;j jkpo;> vNugpa> fpNuf;f nkhopfspy; Gyik ngw;w nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; gq;Fnfhz;lhh;fs;.

gioa Vw;ghL> vNukpa ghlkhd 'gpgpypah vgpuhapf;fh' E}iyAk; (Biblia, Hebriaca, Stuttgart Edition – Masoretic Text) Gjpa Vw;ghL> tptpypar; rq;fq;fspd; ,izaj;jpd; ntspaPlhd fpNuf;f Gjpa Vw;ghl;L E}ypd; %d;whk; gjpg;igAk; (The Greek New Testament, UBS, third editinon) rhh;e;J nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;ld.

njhd;ikAk; juKkhd %yg;ghlq;fisNa mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lhYk;> kuG nkhopngah;g;GfSf;F kjpg;Gj; jUk; tifapy; rpy ,lq;fspy; fhyj;jhy; gpd;ida ghlq;fSk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mit rJu milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; [.....] ,lg;gl;Ls;sd. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Kiwapy; nkhopngah;f;fj; jf;f nrhw;nwhlh;fs; tUkplj;J> khw;W nkhopngah;g;Gfs; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd. %yr;nrhy;ypd; nghUs; njsptpy;yhjnghOJ> goq;fhy nkhopngah;g;Gfs;> ,iznkhopr;nrhw;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; cjtpAld; nkhopngah;g;G nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;tplj;J %yr;nrhy;ypd; nghUs; mbf;Fwpg;gpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ePz;l Ma;Tf;Fwpg;gfSk; tpthjj;Jf;Fhpa nfhs;if tpsf;fq;fSk; mbf;Fwpg;Gfspy; jtph;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthU E}ypYk; Kd;Diu> Jizj;jiyg;Gf;fs;> ,iztrdq;fs; Mfpait jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,it E}y;fisg;ghpe;J nfhs;s cjtpahf mikAk;.

,k;nkhopngah;g;gpy; ,ay;ghd> jukhd> vspa jkpo;nkhopeil ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. njspnghUs; nkhopngah;g;G Kiwf;F (Dynamic Equivalence) Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ. tof;fw;w nrhw;fSk;> jpirr; nrhw;fSk; ,ad;wtiu jtph;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ftpijg;gFjpfs; Kbe;jtiu ftpij eilapy; mikf;fg;ngw;whYk;> nghUs; njspNt ,d;wpaikahjjhff; fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fiyr; nrhw;fSk; ngah;r;nrhw;fSk; E}y; jiyg;GfSk; gy;NtW fye;JiuahlYf;Fg;gpd; Nky;kl;lf;FOtpd; (High Power Committee) xg;Gjy; ngw;Wf; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd. ngah;r;nrhw;fs; midj;Jk; xypngah;g;Ng (Transliteration) nra;ag;gl;ld. mit jkpopy; xypg;gjw;F vspikahd> ,ay;ghd ,Wjp tbtk; ngw;Ws;sd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. gioa Vw;ghl;Lg; ngah;fs; Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; tUk;NghJ> gioaVw;ghl;L xyptbtj;ijNa ngWfpd;wd (gpyahk; | ghyhk;) . jw;fhy tof;fpYs;s ngah;fs; tptpypaj;jpy; Ntw;Wg;ngah;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; mit jw;fhy tbtpNyNa ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd (kp];uhapk; vfpg;J ). mt;thNw ePl;lysitfSf;Fk; epWj;jysitfSf;Fk; gy ,lq;fspy; jw;fhy tof;fpYs;s nkl;hpf; ,iz toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kuG fhuzkhf Kjy; Ie;J E}y;fs; fpNuf;f top jiyg;GfisAk;> kw;w vy;yh E}y;fSk; vgpNua top jiyg;GfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. midj;J E}y;fspd; trd vz;fs; cyfg; nghJ tof;F nkhopngah;g;Gfspd; (Standard Versions) mbg;gilapy; mike;Js;sd.

jkpopd; rpwg;Gg; gz;ghd khpahijg; gd;ikia (Honorific Plural) kdjpw;nfhz;L tptpypaj;jpy; ngUk;ghNyhh;f;Fk; khpahijg;gd;ik toq;fg;gLfpwJ. NehAw;Nwhh;> cly; CdKw;Nwhh;> nry;thf;fw;w gzpahsh;> ngz;bh; MfpNahiu kjpg;gpd;wp toq;Fk; Kiw jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> FUlh; vd;Dk; nrhy; ghh;itaw;wth; vd;W khw;wk; ngWtNjhL> khpahijg; gd;ikAk; ngWfpwJ. ,iwj;jpl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhdtiuf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJk;> gopj;Jiuf;Fk; #oypYk;> neUq;fpa el;Gwit ntspg;gLj;Jk;NghJk; khpahijg;gd;ik jtph;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

,Ughyhh;f;Fk; nghJthd fUj;Jf;fs; %yE}ypy; Mz;ghy; tpFjp ngw;W te;jhYk; ,Ughyhh;f;fk; nghWe;Jk; Kiwapy; (Inclusive Language) nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW> %y nkhopapYk; jkpo; nkhopapYk; fhzg;gLk; gz;ghl;L Vw;wj;jho;T fisag;gLfpwJ.

,k;nkhopg;ngah;G gy fl;lq;fs; jhz;b te;Js;sJ. mbg;gil efy;fs; jahhpj;j nkhopngah;ghsh;> jpUj;jk; mspj;j ghprPyidf;FOtpdh;> khw;Wf;fUj;Jf;fs; toq;fpa MNyhridf;FOtpdh;> Nguhah;fSk; Mah;fSk; jiyth;fSk; mlq;fpa Nky;kl;lf; FOtpdh; MfpNahhpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; ,k;nkhopngah;g;G ,Wjp tbtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. NkYk; Kd;Ndhl;lg;gFjpfs; (Trial Editions) topahf Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhhpd; fUj;Jf;fs; tuNtw;f;fg;gl;L> jukhdit Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

J}a Mtpapd; Mw;wNyhLk; kpFe;j ciog;NghLk; ,iwNtz;lNyhLk;> fle;j ,Ugj;jpuz;L Mz;Lfshf jpUr;rigapd; fz;fhzpg;gpy;> Kg;gj;ije;J ,iwj;njhz;lh;fs; nra;j ,k;nkhopngah;g;ig> fpwp];jth;fs; midtUk; Mz;lth; ,NaR tpUk;Gk; xw;Wikia tsh;f;Fk; Nehf;fpy; gad;gLj;Jgth; vd ek;GfpNwhk;.

nghUs; Jy;ypak;> njspT> vspik> kf;fs; nkhopeil> kdpjNeak;> ,Ughy; rkj;JtNehf;F Mfpatw;iwf; fz;Kd;nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;l ,k;nkhopahf;fk; fpwp];jt rKjhak; kl;Lky;y> jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfk; KOtJk; ,iwAsj;ij mwpe;J nray;glj;J}z;Lk; vd ek;GfpNwhk;. jpUtptpypak; jpUr;rig topghLfspYk;> fUj;juq;FfspYk;> tptpypag;gs;spfspYk;> tPjpfspYk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yq;fspYk; cs;sq;fspYk; ,lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

,jd; %yk; ,iwahl;rp tUf! ,iwthf;F xsph;f!

jkpo; tptpypa tuyhW

tptpypaj;jpd; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;Gfs;

jkpo; nkhopapy; tptpypak; ntspahd fij RitahdJ. mij ,U gpupTfshfg; ghHg;Nghk;. Kjypy;> rPHjpUj;j rigapduhy; ntspaplg;gl;l jkpo; nkhopngaHg;GfisAk;> gpd;dH fj;Njhypf;f fpwp];jtuhy; ntspaplg;gl;l nkhopngaHg;GfisAk; fhz;Nghk;.

rPHjpUj;j rigapdH nra;j tptpypaj; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;Gfs;:

1. fp.gp. 16Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,NaR rigiar; rhHe;j fj;Njhypf;f kiwg;gzpahsHfs; jkpofj;jpy; cioj;jNghJ Gjpa Vw;ghl;bYs;s ew;nra;jp E}y;fisj; jkpopy; ngaHj;jdH vd mwpfpNwhk;. Mdhy; ,k;nkhopngaHg;Gfs; Xiyr; RtbfshfTk; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfshfTNk ,Ue;jd vdTk; mr;Nrw;wg;gltpy;iy vdTk; njupfpwJ. ,e;j kiwg;gzpahsHfSs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;NfhH gpuhd;rp]; rNtupahH> vd;wpf;Nf vd;wpf;nf];> jj;JtNghjfH vd;W miof;fg;gl;l ,uhgHl; Nj nehgpyp> tPukhKdptH vd;W mwpag;gLfpd;w NIhrg; fhd;];ld;ild; ng];fp KjypNahH MtH.

2. ,NaR rigiar; NrHe;j Nkw;$wpa fj;Njhypf;f kiwg;gzpahsHfs; nra;j tptpypa nkhopngaHg;igAk; jk;gpuhd; tzf;fk; Nghd;w gpw jkpo; E}y;fisAk; ftdkhfg; gbj;jjhfTk;> me;E}y;fspypUe;J jkpo; nkhopapy; fpwp];jtf; fUj;Jf;fis vt;thW vLj;Jr;nrhy;tJ vd;gijf; fw;Wf;nfhz;ljhfTk; gHj;jNyhNkA rPfd;ghy;F vd;gtH $WfpwhH. ,tHjhd; Kjy;Kiwahf tptpypak; KOtijAk; jkpo; nkhopapy; ngaHj;jhH. rPHjpUj;j gpupitr; NrHe;j rPfd;ghy;F Yj;jud; rigapdH. mjpYk;> "gf;jp ,af;fk;" vd;W mwpag;gLfpd;w Pietism vd;Dk; ,af;fj;jtH. mtH nld;khHf; kd;dupd; fl;lisg;gb> mg;NghJ nld;khHf; ehl;bd; MSiff;F cl;gl;bUe;j juq;fk;ghb (Tranquebar) vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; 1706,y; te;J ,wq;fp> rpy jkpo; mwpQupd; JizNahL Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilj; jkpopy; nkhopngaHj;J 1714,y; juq;fk;ghbapy; ntspapl;lhH. mtH njhlq;fpa gioa Vw;ghl;Lj; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G> mtuJ kuzj;Jf;Fg; gpd;> ngd;akpd; #y;r; vd;gtuhy; 1725,y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

3. rPfd;ghy;F-#y;r; nkhopngaHg;gpy; Fiwfs; ,Ue;jd vd;W fz;ljhy;> ngg;uPrpa]; vd;gtH nghWg;gpy; Gjpa jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ. Gjpa Vw;ghL 1772,Yk; gioa Vw;ghL 1796,Yk; ntspte;jd.

Vw;nfdNt ngg;uPrpa]; nkhopngaHj;jJ. Gjpa Vw;ghL ,NudpArpd; nkhopngaHg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.

5. ,ijj; njhlHe;J> ngHrpty; vd;gtH tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; ngaHj;jhH. ,tuJ ngaHg;G> %yj;ijj; jOtpajhf ,y;iy vd;wjhYk;> ,yq;ifj; jkpo; eilapy; ,Ue;jJ vdf; Fiwfhzg;gl;ljhYk; nghJthf Vw;fg;gltpy;iy.

6 md;WtiuapYk; tof;fpypUe;j nkhopngaHg;Gf;fis Ma;e;J> GjpanjhU jkpo; ngaHg;igf; nfhzuNtz;Lk; vd;w nghWg;G gtH vd;gtuplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tUf;F ,g;gzpapy; cjt MWNgH nfhz;l xU FOTk; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j nkhopngaHg;G 1858,Yk; (Gjpa Vw;ghL)> 1867,Yk; (gioa Vw;ghL) ntspahapw;W. ,jw;F "If;fpaj; jpUg;Gjy;" vd;Dk; ngaH cz;L. ,e;j nkhopngaHg;igj;jhd; fpwp];jt rPHjpUj;jr; rigapdH ePz;lfhykhfg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdH.

7. gtH nkhopngaHg;G gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j fhyj;jpy; mjpy; fhzg;gl;l Fiwfis ePf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf yhHrd; vd;gtH jiyikapy; ,d;ndhU ngaHg;G eilngw;wJ. me;j nkhop ngaHg;G 1936,y; ntspte;jJ. ,JTk; kf;fSf;F Vw;Gilajhf ,y;iy. vdNt> gtH nkhopngaHg;gpy; ,Ue;j eilia mt;thNw itj;Jf;nfhz;L nkhopj; jpUj;jk; nra;ayhk; vd;W KbTnra;ag;gl;L> Nkhdfd; vd;gtuplk; ,g;gzp xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. 1942,y; me;j nkhopngaHg;G ntspahdJ.

fj;Njhypf;f fpwp];jt rig nra;j tptpypaj; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;Gfs;:

1. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJNghy> njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; te;j fj;Njhypf;f kiwg;gzpahsHfs; tptpypaj;jpd; KOikiaAk; jkpopy; nkhopngaHf;ftpy;iy. mtHfs; Gjpjhfj; jpUKOf;Fg; ngw;w jkpo;f; fj;Njhypf;f kf;fspd; Md;kPf tsHr;rpf;fhf kiwf;fy;tp E}y;fisj; jkpopy;; cUthf;fpdH. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: vd;upf;Nf vd;upf;f]; vOjpa fpwp];jt gbg;gpid (Christian Doctrine)> mbahH tuyhW (Flos Sanctorum)> jj;JtNghjfH vOjpa QhNdhgNjr fhz;lk; Nghd;wit. ,e;E}y;fspy; tptpypaf; fUj;Jf;fs; epiwthf mlq;fpapUe;jd. Mdhy; tptpypaj;jpd; KOik mg;gbNa %y nkhopfspypUe;J jkpopy; ngaHf;fg;gltpy;iy.

2. 16Mk; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;Nj jkpofj;jpy; kpfTk; cw;rhfj;NjhL gzpGupe;jtHfs; NrRrigiar; NrHe;j kiwg;gzpahsHfNs. Mdhy;> gy Fog;gq;fSf;F eLNt NrRrigapd; gzp 1750,ypUe;J 1773 tiuapYk; jpUr;rig midj;jpYk; Klf;fpitf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ jkpoj; jpUr;rigf;F xU NgupbNghy Mapw;W. me;jj; Jauf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ ghup]; kiwgug;Gr; rigapdH (Foreign Missionaries of Paris - MEP) jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; gzpahw;wj; njhlq;fpdH. mtHfsJ Kaw;rpahy; 1857Mk; Mz;L ehd;F ew;nra;jp E}y;fSk;> jpUj;J}jH gzpfs; vd;Dk; E}Yk; jkpopy; nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;L ntspahapd.

3. 1891,y; ,NaR rigiar; NrHe;j jpupq;fhy; vd;Dk; kiwj;njhz;lH Gjpa Vw;ghl;ilj; jkpopy; Mf;fp> GJitapy; ntspapl;lhH.

4. 1904Mk; Mz;by;> kiwg;gzpahsuhfpa nghj;NjNuh (MEP) vd;gtH gioa Vw;ghl;bd; Kjy; gFjpiaAk;> 1910,y; gioa Vw;ghl;bd; ,uz;lhk; gFjpiaAk; jkpopy; ntspapl;lhH. mNj Mz;by; Gjpa Vw;ghl;bd; jkpohf;fj;ijAk; mtNu ntspapl;lhH. ,e;j tptpypaKk; mjw;F Kd;dH jpupq;fhy; tptpypaKk; ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;rigapy; gyfhykhf toq;fg;gl;Lte;j "Ty;fhj;jh" vd;Dk; tptpypaj;jpypUe;J Neubahf nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;lit MFk;.

5. gioa Vw;ghLk; Gjpa Vw;ghLk; kPz;Lk; jkpopy; 1960,y; jkpo; ,yf;fpaf; fofj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;ld.

6. mr;rkaj;jpy;> ,yj;jPd; nkhopapypUe;J ("Ty;fhj;jh" gjpg;G) tptpypaj;ijj; jkpopy; ngaHg;gij tpl> tptpypak; vOjg;gl;l %y nkhopfshd vgpNuak;> fpNuf;fk; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J Neubahf nkhopngaHg;gJ rhyr; rpwe;jJ vd;Dk; fUj;J gbg;gbahf Nt&d;wyhapw;W. vdNt> nyfpuhd; (MEP) vd;gtupd; jiyikapy; Gjpa Vw;ghL mjd; %y nkhopahfpa fpNuf;fj;jpypUe;J jkpopy; Mf;Fk; Kaw;rp njhlq;fpaJ. me;jg; Gjpa Vw;ghL 1970,y; ntspahapw;W.

tptpypaj;ijj; jkpo;ehL tptpypa-kiwf;fy;tp-jpUtopghl;L eLepiyak; (TNBCLC) ntspapl;Lte;jJ.

8. 1995Mk; Mz;Ltiu Nkw;$wpa jkpo; tptpypak;jhd; kf;fspilNa Gof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jte;jJ. Mdhy;> 1970Mk; Mz;bypUe;Nj xU Jzpr;ryhd Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ> jdpj;jdpahf> fj;Njhypf;f rig> Yj;jud; rig> Mq;fpypf;f rig vd;nwy;yhk; gpupe;Jfplf;fpd;w jpUr;rigfs; midj;Jk; xd;WNrHe;J xU nghJthd jkpo; nkhopngHg;G nra;J me;jg; nghJtptpypaj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJ rhyr; rpwe;jjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;Dk; vz;zk; tYg;ngw;wJ. vdNt> fj;Njhypf;f rig ngauhy; jkpof; fj;Njhypf;f MaH NguitAk;> rPHjpUj;j rigfs; ngauhy; ,e;jpa Ntjhfkr; rq;fKk; ,ize;J ,e;j nkhopngaHg;Gg; gzpf;Fg; nghWg;Ngw;wdH. gy fpwp];jt rigfisr; NrHe;j 36 tptpypa mwpQHfs; ,k;nkhopngaHg;Gg; gzpapy; MHtj;NjhL <Lgl;ldH. gy tptpypa kw;Wk; jkpo; mwpQUk; cjtpnra;jdH. gy jlq;fy;fSf;fpilNa eilngw;w ,e;j nkhopahf;fk; 21 Mz;Lfs; ePbj;jJ. Mdhy;> ,Wjpapy;> 1995Mk; Mz;L etk;gH khjk; 26Mk; ehs; ,e;j nkhopngaHg;G kJiuapy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

9. ,e;j 1995Mk; Mz;L jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G "jpUtptpypak; - nghJ nkhopngaHg;G" vd;w ngauhy; mwpag;gLfpwJ. midj;J fpwp];jt rigfSk; ,;ize;J ntspapl;l Kjy; jkpo; nkhopngaHg;G ,Jjhd; vd;Dk;NghJ ,e;j ntspaPl;bd; kjpg;G gyKiw caHfpwJ.

10. ,g;NghJ www.bibleintamil.com vd;Dk; ngaupy; cs;s ,e;j ,izaj;jsj;jpy; ntspahfpAs;s jkpo; tptpypak; ,e;j nghJ nkhopngaHg;ghfpa "jpUtptpypak;" jhd;. gytifahfg; gpsTgl;Lf; fplf;fpd;w fpwp];jt rigfs; xUehs; ,ize;Jte;J xd;wpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Mtyhy; ce;jg;gl;L ,e;jg; nghJtptpypaj;jpd; nkhopngaHg;igj; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk;> jkpopy; MHtKs;stHfSf;Fk; toq;Ftjpy; ngUkfpo;r;rp milfpNwhk;. tptpypaj;ij thrpAq;fs;> tptpypaj;ijr; rpe;jpAq;fs;> tptpypaj;ij thOq;fs; vd tho;j;Jfpd;Nwhk;!!

(tptpypa E}y;fspd; fhy ml;ltiziaj; njhFj;J toq;fpatH Nfhl;lhW kiwkhtl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;j mUs;jpU gTy; ypNahd; tWNty; mth;fs;.jw;NghJ mNkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s g/gNyh kiwkhtl;lj;jpy; Nrh;e;J> fpwp];jurh; FUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpapy; ,iw,ay; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;whh;. mth;fSf;F vk; csq;fdpe;j ed;wp.)