ghpRj;j Ntjhfk tuyhW

Kd;Diu

jpUtptpypak; (The Holy Bible) vd;gJ fpwp];jtHfSila rka ek;gpf;iff;F mbg;gilahf cs;s vOj;Jg; gilay; MFk;. mij xU E}y; vd;gijtpl E}yfk; vd;Nw $wptplyhk;. Vndd;why; tptpypak; vd;gJ gy E}y;fis cs;slf;fpa xU E}y; njhFg;G. "kdpj nkhopapy; mike;j flTspd; thHj;ij" vd tptpypaj;ijf; fpwp];jtH Nghw;WtH.

tptpypak; vd;gjw;Ff; fpwp];jt jkpo; kugpy; "rj;jpa Ntjk;"> "Ntjhfkk;"> "jpUkiwE}y;"> "jpUtptpypak;" vd;Dk; gy ngaHfs; cz;L.

fpwp];jtHfs; tptpypaj;ijg; "gioa Vw;ghL" vd;Wk; "Gjpa Vw;ghL" vd;Wk; ,U ngUk; ghfq;fshfg; gpupg;gH.

E}y;fs; mtUf;Fg; gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpYk; vOe;jd.

,d;Wk;$l> gioa Vw;ghl;L Mfkq;fs; A+j kf;fspd; rka E}yhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. me;E}y;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdit (39) vgpNua nkhopapYk;> xU rpy (7) fpNuf;f nkhopapYk; vOjg;gl;lit MFk;. fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l tptpypa E}y;fs; vy;yh A+juhYk; mjpfhug;G+Htkhd jpUE}y; njhFg;gpy; Vw;fg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j NtWghL fpwp];jtHfSila rigfspYk; Jyq;FfpwJ. mjhtJ> fj;Njhypf;f fpwp];jtHfs; gioa Vw;ghl;bd; vgpNua kw;Wk; fpNuf;f E}y;fisj; jpUE}y; Kiwapy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdH. Mdhy;> rPHjpUj;j rigapdH (GNuhl;l];lhz;L) vgpNua nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l gioa Vw;ghl;L E}y;fis kl;LNk jpUE}ypd; gFjpfshf Vw;gH. fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l E}y;fis mjpfhug;G+Htkhditahf Vw;gjpy;iy. fj;Njhypf;f fpwp];jtHfs; ,e;E}y;fis ",izj; jpUKiw E}y;fs;" (Deutero-canonical) vd;W miog;gh;. rPHjpUj;j rigapdH "tptpypag; Gw E}y;fs;" (Apocrypha) vd;gH.

Gjpa Vw;ghl;L E}y;fs; 27IAk; vy;yhf; fpwp];jt rigapdUk; mjpfhug;G+Htkhditahf Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,e;E}y;fs; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;litahFk;.

tptpypa E}y;fs; cUthd tuyhW

,Ugj;Njhuhk; E}w;whz;by; tho;fpd;w ehk; tptpypaj;ijg; Gul;Lk;NghJ mq;Nf gioa Vw;ghLk; Gjpa Vw;ghLkhf gy Gj;jfq;fs; tupirahfj; jug;gl;bUg;gijg; ghHf;fyhk;. ,e;j E}y;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; XH Mrpupauhy; vOjg;gl;lJNghyj; Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy;> tptpypa E}y;fs; mt;thW Njhd;wtpy;iy. VNjh xU Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;by; MrpupaH xUtH Vl;ilAk; vOJNfhiyAk; ifapy; vLj;J> jk; E}iy vOjptpltpy;iy. khwhf> tptpypaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w xt;nthU E}Yf;Fk; xU tuyhW cs;sJ. me;j E}y;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; gy gbfisj; jhz;b te;j gpd;dNu ,d;W ehk; ghHf;fpd;w tbtj;ijg; ngw;wd.

,e;j tuyhw;Wg; gb tsHr;rpia ehk; %d;W fl;lq;fspy; epfo;e;jjhff; $wyhk;. Mitahtd:

tha;nkhop kuGf; fl;lk;: flTisj; jq;fs; tho;tpy; re;jpj;j mDgtj;ij kf;fs; tha;nkhopahfg; gfpHe;Jnfhz;ldH. jq;fs; gps;isfSf;Fk;> gpd;te;j jiyKiwfSf;Fk; me;j mDgtf; fijfis vLj;Jf; $wpdH. ,t;thW gy jiyKiwfshf ,e;jf; $w;Wiufs; tha;nkhop topahfNt mspf;fg;gl;Lte;jd.

ehs; nry;yr; nry;y> vOj;Jg; gzpapy; jpwik ngw;wpUe;j vOj;jHfs; flTs; ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; vOe;j mf;fijf; $w;Wf;fis VLfspy; ifg;gbahf vOjpitj;jdH. ,it> Fwpg;ghf> kf;fspd; ,iwek;gpf;if Mgj;Jf;F cs;shd fhyq;fspy;> mtHfis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tz;zKk;> mtHfSila ghuk;gupaq;fisg; gOjwg; ghJfhf;Fk; tz;zKk; vOjpitf;fg;gl;ld.

NkYk; ehs; nry;yNt> jpwik ngw;w vOj;jHfs; Vw;nfdNt Gof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j vOj;Jtbthd kuGfisf; Nfhitahf ,izj;J> njhFjpfshfg; gpizj;J> gjpT nra;jdH. mt;thW nra;jNghJ> mtHfs; tho;e;j rkfhyr; #o;epiyiaAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;ldH.

,t;thW %d;W Kf;fpa fl;lq;fisj; jhz;b te;jitNa tptpypa E}y;fs; MFk;. ,t;thW njhFf;fg;gl;l E}y;fSs; vit vit rkak; rhHe;j jpUKiwahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; rkaf; FOf;fs; (A+jf; FO: fpwp];jt jpUr;rig) mjpfhug;G+Htkhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; epHzak; nra;jd. ,ijNa tptpypaj; jpUKiw (biblical canon) vd;W miog;gH. ,t;thW epHzak; nra;ag;gl;ljw;F mbg;gilahd msTNfhy; me;j tptpypa E}y; fpwp];jt> A+j rka ek;gpf;ifia KOikahfg; gpujpgypj;jjh vd;gNj. ,t;thW> rka ek;gpf;iff;F xt;thjdthff; fUjg;gl;l gy E}y;fs; tptpypaj; jpUKiwapy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy> my;yJ rpy rkak; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; gpd;dH jpUKiwapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;ld.

ek;gpf;ifapypUe;J vOe;j fijfisj; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf toq;fpdH. Kjypy; vOe;jJ "tha;nkhop" tuyhw;W kuG vd;gij ehk; epidtpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

ehd;F Kf;fpa kuGfs;

gioa Vw;ghl;L E}y;fSf;F mbj;jskhf cs;s kuGfis> Fwpg;ghf Ie;E}y;fs; (njlf;f E}y;> tpLjiyg; gazk;> Nytpah;> vz;zpf;if> ,izr;rl;lk;) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;w Kjy; Ie;J E}y;fspy; fhZk; kuGfis tptpypa mwpQH ehd;F vd milahsk; fhl;LtH.

,tw;Ws; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpaJ "ahNt kuG" vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; flTisf; Fwpf;f "ahNt" vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. jhtPJ> rhyNkhd; Nghd;w murHfs; ngw;w ntw;wpfSf;Fg; gpd; vOe;j Njrpa czHT ,jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ehL jho;epiy va;jpa jUzj;jpy; flTNs ,dp jq;fisf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd kf;fs; czHe;jijAk; ,k;kugpy; fhzyhk;. ,k;kugpy; tUk; flTs; kdpjNuhL Ngrp> cwthLgtuhff; fhl;lg;gLfpwhH. gilg;gpd; tuyhW kpf;f capNuhl;lj;NjhL tptupf;fg;gLfpwJ (njhE} 2:4-4:16). njw;F ehl;Lg; ghHit ,jpy; cs;sJ.

,uz;lhtJ kuG "vNyhfpk; kuG" vd mwpag;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; flTisf; Fwpf;f "vNyhfpk;" vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. tlf;F ehl;Lg; ghHit ,e;j kugpy; cs;sJ. mg;gFjpiar; NrHe;j ahf;NfhG> NahNrg;G> NahRth Nghd;NwhUf;F Kf;fpa ,lk; jug;gLfpwJ. kdpjuplkpUe;J ngupJk; mfd;W epw;gtH Nghyf; flTs; cUtfpf;fg;gLfpwhH. fp.K. gj;jhk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J vl;lhk; E}w;whz;L tiu ,k;kuGfs; tha;nkhopahfTk; vOj;jhfTk; toptop toq;fg;gl;ld vdj; njupfpwJ.

%d;whtJ kuG ",izr;rl;l kuG" vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,izr;rl;l Eypy; ngupJk; cs;sJ. rPdha; kiyapy; flTs; jk;ik ntspg;gLj;jpa epfo;r;rpapypUe;J> ,];uNayH gazk; nrd;wJk;> NkhNr ,we;jJk;> NahRth jiyik Vw;wJk; ,jpy; $wg;gLtd. NkhNr ngauhy; rl;lj; njhFg;G jug;gLfpwJ.

ehd;fhtJ kuG "FUf;fs; kuG" vd;gjhFk;. fp.K. 587,ypUe;J 538 tiu A+j kf;fspy; gyH ghgpNyhDf;F ehLflj;jg;gl;L ngUk; ,d;dYf;F cs;shapdH. mt;tkak; A+j rka kuG KOtJNk mope;JgLk; epiyf;F te;Jtpl;lJ. mg;NghJ> ehLflj;jg;gl;bUe;j FUf;fs; rpyH A+j rka rl;lq;fisAk; topghL rhHe;j KiwfisAk;> gpw ,dj;jhuplkpUe;J A+jHfisg; gpupj;Jf;fhl;Lk; jdpg;gz;Gs;s elj;ijiaAk; tpupthfj; njhFj;J vOjpdH. ,JNt "FUf;fs; kuG" vd;Dk; ngaH ngw;wJ. ,k;kugpd; jhf;fk; NytpaH E}ypy; kpf mjpfk;. njhlf;f E}ypy; fhzg;gLk; ,d;ndhU gilg;G tuyhW ,k;kugpd; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ (njhE} 1~1-2:4m: 2:4M-25).

ehLflj;jg;gl;NlhH tpLjiyaile;J te;jJk; NkNy $wpa ehd;F kuGfSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;jd. mtw;wpd; njhFg;ghf vOe;jNj ,d;W ek;kplk; cs;s Ie;E}y; MFk;.

tha;nkhop kugpypUe;J vOj;Jtbt kuGf;F te;jJ vg;NghJk; rPuhfj; jl;Lj;jlq;fypd;wp epfo;e;jJ vd ehk; $wpl ,ayhJ. NkNy ehk; gpupj;Jf; fhl;ba %d;W gbfSk;$l njspthf> ve;jtpj Fog;gKk; ,d;wp mike;jd vd;Wk; $Wtjw;fpy;iy. ntq;fhaj;ij ehk; ntspg;gFjpapypUe;J xt;nthU Njhyhf cupj;Jtplyhk;. Mdhy; tptpypa kuGfis mt;thW Jy;ypakhfg; gpupj;Jg;ghHj;jpl ,ayhJ. xUtpjj;jpy;> NkNy $wpa %d;W tsHr;rpg; gbepiyfSk; xd;wpypUe;J xd;W gpupf;ftpayhtpjj;jpy; gpd;dpg; gpize;J fplf;fpd;wd vdyhk;. xU gb kw;nwhU gbapNy EiotJk; cz;L. ,ij tiuglkhff; fhl;bdhy; gpd;tUkhW Njhw;wkspf;Fk;

tha;nkhop kuG> vOj;Jtop kuGfspd; ,Wjp vOj;J tbtk;

rupay;y. Vndd;why;> tptpypa E}y;fs; rka ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; cUthfp tsHe;jit. mtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; nra;jp rka ek;gpf;ifia ek;kpy; tsHg;gjw;fhf mike;jNj jtpu> ekf;F mwptpay; rhHe;j fUj;Jf;fis toq;Ftjw;fhfNth tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfis eLepiy epd;W tpkHrpg;gjw;fhfNth vOjg;gltpy;iy. vdNt> flTs; kdpjUila KOeyDf;fhf vijvij vy;yhk; ekf;F toq;f tpUk;gpdhNuh mJ tptpypaj;jpy; cs;sJ vd ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwhk;. MfNt> xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; vOe;j tptpypaj; njhlH$w;W xU rpy jiyKiwfSf;Fg; gpwF NtW nghUspy; Gupe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;fhf mJ jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,oe;JtplhJ.

vj;jidNah jiyKiwfshd kf;fs; ,e;j tptpypaj;jpypUe;J jq;fs; rka ek;gpf;if rhHe;j Md;kPf tho;Tf;F ce;Jjy; ngw;W te;Js;shHfs; vd;gNj ehk; tptpypaj;ij kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wp> mij ek; tho;Tf;F topfhl;bahff; nfhs;tjw;Fg; NghJkhd fhuzk; MFk;.

nkhopngah;g;G

tptpypaj;jpd; gz;ilf; fhy nkhopngaHg;Gfs;

vgpNua nkhop Ngrpa A+j kf;fspilNa vOe;j E}y;fs; vd;gjhy; gioa Vw;ghl;L E}y;fs; vgpNua nkhopapNyNa vOjg;gl;ld. Mdhy;> fp.K. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; A+jHfs; rpyH ghy];jPdhTf;F ntspNa nrd;W fpNuf;fg; gFjpfspy; FbNawpdH. ehsiltpy; mtHfs; jq;fs; nrhe;j nkhopahd vgpNuaj;ij kwe;Jtpl;ljhy; mk;nkhopapy; ,Ue;j jq;fs; jpUE}iyg; gbf;f mtHfshy; ,ayhky; Nghapw;W. vdNt> mtHfs; Ngrpa fpNuf;f nkhopapy; tptpypak; nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Kjy; nkhopngaHg;G "vOgjpd;kH tptpypak;" (Septuagint) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. vOgJ vgpNua mwpQHfs; ,e;j nkhopngaHg;igr; nra;jhHfs; vd;Dk; kuGtopr; nra;jpapd; mbg;gilapy; ,g;ngaH vOe;jJ. ,j;NjhL> fpNuf;f nkhopapy; Neubahf vOjg;gl;l 7 E}y;fSk; NrHf;fg;gl;ld.

fpwp];J gpwe;j fhyj;jpy; ,d;W ehk; gioa Vw;ghL vd;W $Wfpd;w tptpypag; gFjp kl;LNk "KO" tptpypakhf ,Ue;jJ. mijNa ,NaR thrpj;jhH (fhz;f Y}f;fh 4:16-28): njhOiff; $lq;fspy; thrpf;ff; Nfl;lhH. ,NaR A+j Md;kPf newpapy; tsHtjw;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;jJ ,e;j tptpypak;jhd;.

,NaRtpd; Nghjidiaf; Nfl;L> mtH Gupe;j mjpra nray;fisg; ghHj;J mDgtpj;j kf;fs;> my;yJ me;j mDgtj;ijg; gpwH top ngw;wtHfs; me;j mDgtj;Jf;F vOj;J tbtk; nfhLj;jdH. ,t;thW vOe;j E}y;fNs Gjpa Vw;ghL vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it midj;JNk fpNuf;f nkhopapy;jhd; vOjg;gl;ld. Gjpa Vw;ghl;L E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;if 27 MFk;.

ghy];jPdhitr; #o;e;j gFjpfspy; tho;e;j fpwp];jt kf;fs; eLNt fpNuf;f nkhop tof;fj;jpypUe;jJ. gpd;dH fpwp];jt rka ek;gpf;if cNuhikg; Nguurpd; gFjpfspy; tpupthfg; gutj; njhlq;fpaJk; fpNuf;f tptpypaj;ij ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; ngaHf;f Ntz;ba Njit vOe;jJ. J}a vNuhzpKR (St. Hieronymus; Mq;fpy tof;fpy; St.Jerome) vd;gtH fp.gp. ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; nra;j ,yj;jPd; nkhopngaHg;G kpfg; Gfo;ngw;wJ. ,ij "Ty;fhj;jh" (Vulgate) nkhopngaHg;G vd miog;gH. nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ngaHg;G vd;gJ mjd; nghUshFk;. ,e;j ,yj;jPd; nkhopngaHg;gpd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; ePz;lfhykhff; fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;rigapd; nkhopngaHg;Gf;fs; mike;jpUe;jd vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gioa nkhopfspy; tptpypak; jpUg;gg;gl;ljw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf rpupa nkhop tptpypak; (fp.gp. 2Mk; E}w;whz;L)> Nfhg;jpa nkhop tptpypak; (fp.gp. 3Mk; E}w;whz;L)> vj;jpNahg;gpa nkhop tptpypak; (fp.gp. 7Mk; E}w;wz;L) Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

fhz;];jhe;jpNehg;Gs; MaH> gioa-Gjpa Vw;ghLfspd; njhFg;ig “Biblia” (Bible) vd;W mioj;jhH. mJNt> ,d;iwa jkpo; nkhopngaHg;gpy; "tptpypak;" vd;w ngaiug; ngwyhapw;W.

tptpypak; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F %ykhfpa fpNuf;fr; nrhy; Biblion vd;gjhFk;. gpg;Nsh]; vd;gJ ,d;iwa nygdhd; ehl;bYs;s xU JiwKfg;gl;bdk;. Gj;jfk; vOjg; gad;gLk; "gg;igu];" (papyrus) vd;Dk; xUtif ehzy;Gy; tpw;fg;gl;lJ me;j gpg;Nsh]; efuj;jpy;jhd; (papyrus) vd;Dk; nrhy;ypypUe;Nj paper vd;Dk; Mq;fpyr; nrhy; gpwe;jJ).

Mf> gg;igu]; tpw;fg;gl;l gpg;Nsh]; efuj;jpd; ngauhy; Biblion vd;Dk; nrhy; Gj;jfj;ij (Book) Fwpg;gjhapw;W. Biblion vd;gJ gd;ikapy; Biblia vd;W MFk;. ,e;jr; nrhy; ,yj;jPdpy; xUikapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L>"The Book" vd;Dk; nghUs; jUtjhapw;W. E}y;fspy; vy;yhk; caHe;j E}yhfpa tptpypaj;ij ve;j XH milnkhopAkpd;wp "E}y;" ("The Book") vd;Nw miof;fyhkd;Nwh!

(tptpypaj;jpd; tuyhw;iwj; njhFj;J toq;fpatH Nfhl;lhW kiwkhtl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;j mUs;jpU gTy; ypNahd; tWNty; mth;fs;.jw;NghJ mNkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s g/gNyh kiwkhtl;lj;jpy; Nrh;e;J> fpwp];jurh; FUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpapy; ,iw,ay; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wp tUfpd;whh;. mth;fSf;F vk; csq;fdpe;j ed;wp.)